See also the Library subject guide for Health & Social Care
See also the resources listed in the General and United Kingdom sections
For urban areas specifically:
Mercer Quality of Living Index attempts to rank cities worldwide
For the UK:
Office for National Statistics Well-being data and publications (older releases on National Archives webpages)
United States:
Gallup-Sharecare Well-being Index of the health, economic & social well-being of American citizens using data from daily market research polls
Measure of America assesses well-being & quality of life in the US at national, state and local level